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	<title>Tim[后端技术] &#187; web server</title>
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		<title>C, Erlang, Java and Go Web Server performance test</title>
		<link>http://timyang.net/programming/c-erlang-java-performance/</link>
		<comments>http://timyang.net/programming/c-erlang-java-performance/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Nov 2009 13:28:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tim</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[编程]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Erlang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Go]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Java]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nginx]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[web server]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://timyang.net/?p=468</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I had tested a hello world web server in C, Erlang, Java and the Go programming language.
* C, use the well-known high performance web server nginx, with a hello world nginx module
* Erlang/OTP
* Java, using the MINA 2.0 framework, now the JBoss Netty framework.
* Go, http://golang.org/
1. Test environment
1.1 Hardware/OS
2 Linux boxes in a gigabit ethernet [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I had tested a hello world web server in C, Erlang, Java and the Go programming language.<br />
* C, use the well-known high performance web server nginx, with a hello world nginx module<br />
* Erlang/OTP<br />
* Java, using <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">the MINA 2.0 framework</span>, now the JBoss <a href="http://www.jboss.org/netty/">Netty</a> framework.<br />
* Go, <a href="http://golang.org/">http://golang.org/</a></p>
<h3>1. Test environment</h3>
<h4>1.1 Hardware/OS</h4>
<p>2 Linux boxes in a gigabit ethernet LAN, 1 server and 1 test client<br />
Linux Centos 5.2 64bit<br />
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5410  @ 2.33GHz (L2 cache: 6M), Quad-Core * 2<br />
8G memory<br />
SCSI disk (standalone disk, no other access)</p>
<h4>1.2 Software version</h4>
<p>nginx, nginx-0.7.63.tar.gz<br />
Erlang, otp_src_R13B02-1.tar.gz<br />
Java, jdk-6u17-linux-x64.bin, mina-2.0.0-RC1.tar.gz, netty-3.2.0.ALPHA1-dist.tar.bz2<br />
Go, hg clone -r release <a href="https://go.googlecode.com/hg/">https://go.googlecode.com/hg/</a> $GOROOT (Nov 12, 2009)</p>
<h4>1.3 Source code and configuration</h4>
<p><strong>Linux</strong>, run sysctl -p</p>
<pre>net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.panic = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 8192	873800	8738000
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096	655360	6553600
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024	65000
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216</pre>
<p># ulimit -n<br />
150000</p>
<p><strong>C</strong>: ngnix hello world module, copy the code ngx_http_hello_module.c from <a href="http://timyang.net/web/nginx-module/">http://timyang.net/web/nginx-module/</a></p>
<p>in nginx.conf, set &#8220;worker_processes  1; worker_connections 10240&#8243; for 1 cpu test, set &#8220;worker_processes  4; worker_connections 2048&#8243; for multi-core cpu test. Turn off all access or debug log in nginx.conf, as follows</p>
<pre>worker_processes  1;
worker_rlimit_nofile 10240;
events {
    worker_connections  10240;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  0;
    server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
          location /hello {
            ngx_hello_module;
            hello 1234;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}</pre>
<p>$ taskset -c 1 ./nginx or $ taskset -c 1-7 ./nginx</p>
<p><strong>Erlang</strong> hello world server<br />
The source code is available at yufeng&#8217;s blog, see <a href="http://blog.yufeng.info/archives/105">http://blog.yufeng.info/archives/105</a><br />
Just copy the code after &#8220;cat ehttpd.erl&#8221;, and compile it.</p>
<p>$ erlc ehttpd.erl<br />
$ taskset -c 1 erl +K true +h 99999 +P 99999 -smp enable +S 2:1 -s ehttpd<br />
$ taskset -c 1-7 erl +K true -s ehttpd<br />
We use taskset to limit erlang vm to use only 1 CPU/core or use all CPU cores. The 2nd line is run in single CPU mode, and the 3rd line is run in multi-core CPU mode.</p>
<p><strong>Java</strong> source code, save the 2 class as HttpServer.java and HttpProtocolHandler.java, and do necessary import.<strong><br />
</strong></p>
<pre>public class HttpServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SocketAcceptor acceptor = new NioSocketAcceptor(4);
        acceptor.setReuseAddress( true );

		int port = 8080;
		String hostname = null;
		if (args.length &gt; 1) {
			hostname = args[0];
			port = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
		}

        // Bind
        acceptor.setHandler(new HttpProtocolHandler());
        if (hostname != null)
        	acceptor.bind(new InetSocketAddress(hostname, port));
        else
        	acceptor.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));

        System.out.println("Listening on port " + port);
        Thread.currentThread().join();
    }
}

public class HttpProtocolHandler extends IoHandlerAdapter {
    public void sessionCreated(IoSession session) {
        session.getConfig().setIdleTime(IdleStatus.BOTH_IDLE, 10);
        session.setAttribute(SslFilter.USE_NOTIFICATION);
    }

    public void sessionClosed(IoSession session) throws Exception {}
    public void sessionOpened(IoSession session) throws Exception {}
    public void sessionIdle(IoSession session, IdleStatus status) {}
    public void exceptionCaught(IoSession session, Throwable cause) {
        session.close(true);
    }

    static IoBuffer RESULT = null;
	public static String HTTP_200 = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 13\r\n\r\n" +
			"hello world\r\n";
	static {
    	RESULT = IoBuffer.allocate(32).setAutoExpand(true);
    	RESULT.put(HTTP_200.getBytes());
    	RESULT.flip();
    }
    public void messageReceived(IoSession session, Object message)
            throws Exception {
        if (message instanceof IoBuffer) {
        	IoBuffer buf = (IoBuffer) message;
        	int c = buf.get();
        	if (c == 'G' || c == 'g') {
        		session.write(RESULT.duplicate());
        	}
        	session.close(false);
        }
    }
}</pre>
<p><strong>Nov 24 update</strong> Because the above Mina code doesn&#8217;t parse HTTP request and handle the necessary HTTP protocol, replaced with org.jboss.netty.example.http.snoop.HttpServer from Netty example, but removed all the string builder code from HttpRequestHandler.messageReceived() and just return a &#8220;hello world&#8221; result in HttpRequestHandler.writeResponse(). Please read the <a href="http://www.jboss.org/file-access/default/members/netty/freezone/xref/3.2/org/jboss/netty/example/http/snoop/package-summary.html">source code</a> and the <a href="http://www.jboss.org/netty/documentation.html">Netty documentation</a> for more information.</p>
<p>$ taskset -c 1-7 \<br />
java -server -Xmx1024m -Xms1024m -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -classpath . test.HttpServer 192.168.10.1 8080</p>
<p>We use taskset to limit java only use cpu1-7, and not use cpu0, because we want cpu0 dedicate for system call(Linux use CPU0 for network interruptions).</p>
<p>Go language, source code</p>
<pre>package main
import (
   "http";
    "io";
)
func HelloServer(c *http.Conn, req *http.Request) {
    io.WriteString(c, "hello, world!\n");
}
func main() {
     runtime.GOMAXPROCS(8); // 8 cores
     http.Handle("/", http.HandlerFunc(HelloServer));
     err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil);
    if err != nil {
        panic("ListenAndServe: ", err.String())
    }
}</pre>
<p>$ 6g httpd2.go<br />
$ 6l httpd2.6<br />
$ taskset -c 1-7 ./6.out</p>
<h4>1.4 Performance test client</h4>
<p>ApacheBench client, for 30, 100, 1,000, 5,000 concurrent threads<br />
ab -c 30 -n 1000000 <a href="http://192.168.10.1:8080/">http://192.168.10.1:8080/</a><br />
ab -c 100 -n 1000000 <a href="http://192.168.10.1:8080/">http://192.168.10.1:8080/</a><br />
1000 thread, 334 from 3 different machine<br />
ab -c 334 -n 334000 <a href="http://192.168.10.1:8080/">http://192.168.10.1:8080/</a><br />
5000 thread, 1667 from 3 different machine<br />
ab -c 1667 -n 334000 <a href="http://192.168.10.1:8080/">http://192.168.10.1:8080/</a></p>
<h3>2. Test results</h3>
<h4>2.1 request per second</h4>
<table style="width: 437pt; border-collapse: collapse;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="580">
<colgroup span="1">
<col style="width: 167pt;" span="1" width="222"></col>
<col style="width: 91pt;" span="1" width="121"></col>
<col style="width: 61pt;" span="1" width="81"></col>
<col style="width: 65pt;" span="1" width="86"></col>
<col style="width: 53pt;" span="1" width="70"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"></td>
<td class="xl26" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121"><span style="font-size: small;">30 (threads)</span></td>
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">100</span></td>
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">1,000</span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 53pt; background-color: transparent;" width="70" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">5,000</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Nginx html(1C)</span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">21,301 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">21,331 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">23,746 </span></td>
<td class="xl28" style="background-color: transparent; border: #d4d0c8;" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">23,502 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Nginx module(1C)</span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">25,809 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">25,735 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">30,380 </span></td>
<td class="xl28" style="background-color: transparent; border: #d4d0c8;" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">29,667</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Nginx module(Multi-core)</span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">25,057 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">24,507 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">31,544 </span></td>
<td class="xl28" style="background-color: transparent; border: #d4d0c8;" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">33,274 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Erlang(1C)</span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">11,585 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">12,367 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">12,852 </span></td>
<td class="xl28" style="background-color: transparent; border: #d4d0c8;" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">12,815 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Erlang(Multi-Core)</span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">15,101 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">20,255 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">26,468 </span></td>
<td class="xl28" style="background-color: transparent; border: #d4d0c8;" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">25,865 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="text-decoration: line-through;"><span style="font-size: small;">Java, Mina2(without HTTP parse)<br />
</span></span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">30,631</span> </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">26,846</span> </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">31,911</span> </span></td>
<td class="xl28" style="background-color: transparent; border: #d4d0c8;" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">31,653</span> </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Java, Netty</span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">24,152 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">24,423 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">25,487 </span></td>
<td class="xl28" style="background-color: transparent; border: #d4d0c8;" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">25,521 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Go</span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">14,080 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">14,748 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">15,799 </span></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 53pt; background-color: transparent;" width="70" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">16,110 </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-505" title="c_erlang_java_go" src="http://timyang.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/c_erlang_java_go.png" alt="c_erlang_java_go" width="612" height="369" /><br />
2.2 latency, 99% requests within(ms)</h4>
<table style="width: 437pt; border-collapse: collapse;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="580">
<colgroup span="1">
<col style="width: 167pt;" span="1" width="222"></col>
<col style="width: 91pt;" span="1" width="121"></col>
<col style="width: 61pt;" span="1" width="81"></col>
<col style="width: 65pt;" span="1" width="86"></col>
<col style="width: 53pt;" span="1" width="70"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">30 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">100 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">1,000 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 53pt; background-color: transparent;" width="70" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">5,000 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Nginx html(1C)</span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">1 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">4 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">42 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 53pt; background-color: transparent;" width="70" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">3,079 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Nginx module(1C)</span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">1 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">4 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">32 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 53pt; background-color: transparent;" width="70" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">3,047 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Nginx module(Multi-core)</span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">1 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">6 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">205 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 53pt; background-color: transparent;" width="70" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">3,036 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Erlang(1C)</span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">3 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">8 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">629 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 53pt; background-color: transparent;" width="70" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">6,337 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Erlang(Multi-Core)</span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">2 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">7 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">223 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 53pt; background-color: transparent;" width="70" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">3,084 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Java, Netty</span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">1 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">3</span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">3 </span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 53pt; background-color: transparent;" width="70" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">3,084 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;" height="20">
<td class="xl24" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 167pt; height: 15pt; background-color: transparent;" width="222" height="20"><span style="font-size: small;">Go</span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 91pt; background-color: transparent;" width="121" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">26</span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 61pt; background-color: transparent;" width="81" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">33</span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 65pt; background-color: transparent;" width="86" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">47</span></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border: medium none #d4d0c8; width: 53pt; background-color: transparent;" width="70" align="right"><span style="font-size: small;">9,005 </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>3. Notes</h3>
<p>* On large concurrent connections, C, Erlang, Java no big difference on their performance, results are very close.<br />
* <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Java runs better on small connections, but the code in this test doesn&#8217;t parse the HTTP request header (the MINA code).</span><br />
* Although Mr. Yu Feng (the Erlang guru in China) mentioned that Erlang performance better on single CPU(prevent context switch), but the result tells that Erlang has big latency(&gt; 1S) under 1,000 or 5,000 connections.<br />
* <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Go language is very close to Erlang, but still not good under heavy load (5,000 threads)</span><br />
<strong>After redo 1,000 and 5,000 tests on Nov 18</strong><br />
* Nginx module is the winner on 5,000 concurrent requests.<br />
* Although there is improvement space for Go, Go has the same performance from 30-5,000 threads.<br />
* Erlang process is impressive on large concurrent request, still as good as nginx (5,000 threads).</p>
<h3>4. Update Log</h3>
<p>Nov 12, change nginx.conf work_connections from 1024 to 10240<br />
Nov 13, add runtime.GOMAXPROCS(8); to go&#8217;s code, add sysctl -p env<br />
Nov 18, realized that <strong>ApacheBench itself is a bottleneck</strong> under 1,000 or 5,000 threads, so use 3 clients from 3 different machines to redo all tests of 1,000 and 5,000 concurrent tests.<br />
Nov 24, use Netty with full HTTP implementation to replace Mina 2 for the Java web server. Still very fast and low latency after added HTTP handle code.</p>
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<li><a href="http://timyang.net/programming/thrift-protocol-buffers-performance-2/" rel="bookmark" title="April 17, 2009">Thrift and Protocol Buffers performance in Java Round 2</a></li>
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		<title>高性能网站经验-读杨建的Blog有感</title>
		<link>http://timyang.net/architecture/yangjian-web-server/</link>
		<comments>http://timyang.net/architecture/yangjian-web-server/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2009 13:51:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tim</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[架构]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[high performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[web server]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://timyang.net/?p=115</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[今天拜读了杨建的博客, 杨建开发的程序以高请求，高带宽为主，比如：
开发的一系列系统中的两个 并发达到54.15w req/s , connections 340.25w  高峰一小时近20亿实际http请求处理量。
所以整理了一些观点如下，喜欢吃快餐的请进。由于整理下面内容是跨十几篇文章的，就不一一给出链接了，需要看原文的简单Google一下即可找到。
一 、如何衡量Web Server的性能指标
总体来说同时在线connections和当时的每秒请求处理量是两个最重要的指标。
实验环境数据： 杨建曾写了个HTTP服务框架，不使用磁盘I/O，简化了逻辑处理部分，只会输出 &#8220;hello world!&#8221;  程序部署在192.168.0.1上(2cup*4Core,硬件和系统都做过优化)，在另外8台同等配置服务器上同时执行命令  ./apache/bin/ab -c 1000  -n 3000000   -k  &#8220;http://192.168.0.1/index.html&#8221; 几乎同时处理完毕，总合相加 40w req/s，他相信这是目前硬件水平上的极限值 。
二、部署经验
I. 对于cache处理的创新
通过在url后面增加?maxage=xxx的做法，服务器通过这个参数来返回cache失效的maxage，比较灵活，优点：

可以控制HTTP header的的 max-age 值。
让用户为每个资源灵活定制精确的cache时间长度。
可以代表资源版本号。

好奇，试验了一下杨建的系统
$ curl -i http://sports.sinajs.cn/today.js?maxage=22
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Cloudia
Last-Modified: Tue, 28 Apr 2009 14:10:02 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=22
Content-Encoding: deflate
Content-Length: 257
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Type: application/x-javascript
大家可以看看返回的字段，其中有一点很有趣，返回直接不理http请求强制返回deflate(zip)格式, 比较霸道。
II. IDC分布
关于网络环境与IDC分布，正在迅速成长的公司可以了解下原文杨建介绍的经验，非常详尽。为什么说迅速成长的公司需要看，因为大的网络公司已经很清楚了，小的公司估计也用不上  
III. DNS解析经验
DNS解析有有个缺陷，每个单独域名里写在最前面的那个ip，它被轮询到的概率要比同组的服务器高10%，而且随着同组服务器的增多，这个差距会变大。所以最解析时候，每个IDC最好把硬件性能最好的服务器ip放在最前面。
IV. 优化网卡, 调整内核参数
这两段介绍也很有价值，主要是一些参数调优，做大型系统的推荐去看一下原文。
三、开发经验
I. 关于epoll
epoll最擅长的事情是监视大量闲散连接，批量返回可用描述符,这让单机支撑百万connections成为可能。
边缘触发ET 和 [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>今天拜读了<a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/iyangjian" target="_blank">杨建的博客</a>, <a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/iyangjian" target="_blank">杨建</a>开发的程序以高请求，高带宽为主，比如：</p>
<p>开发的一系列系统中的两个 并发达到54.15w req/s , connections 340.25w  高峰一小时近20亿实际http请求处理量。</p>
<p>所以整理了一些观点如下，喜欢吃快餐的请进。由于整理下面内容是跨十几篇文章的，就不一一给出链接了，需要看原文的简单Google一下即可找到。</p>
<h1>一 、如何衡量Web Server的性能指标</h1>
<p>总体来说同时在线connections和当时的每秒请求处理量是两个最重要的指标。</p>
<p>实验环境数据： 杨建曾写了个HTTP服务框架，不使用磁盘I/O，简化了逻辑处理部分，只会输出 &#8220;hello world!&#8221;  程序部署在192.168.0.1上(2cup*4Core,硬件和系统都做过优化)，在另外8台同等配置服务器上同时执行命令  ./apache/bin/ab -c 1000  -n 3000000   -k  &#8220;http://192.168.0.1/index.html&#8221; 几乎同时处理完毕，总合相加 40w req/s，他相信这是目前硬件水平上的极限值 。</p>
<h1>二、部署经验</h1>
<h2>I. 对于cache处理的创新</h2>
<p>通过在url后面增加?maxage=xxx的做法，服务器通过这个参数来返回cache失效的maxage，比较灵活，优点：</p>
<ol>
<li>可以控制HTTP header的的 max-age 值。</li>
<li>让用户为每个资源灵活定制精确的cache时间长度。</li>
<li>可以代表资源版本号。</li>
</ol>
<p>好奇，试验了一下杨建的系统<br />
$ curl -i http://sports.sinajs.cn/today.js?maxage=22</p>
<pre>HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Cloudia
Last-Modified: Tue, 28 Apr 2009 14:10:02 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=22
Content-Encoding: deflate
Content-Length: 257
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Type: application/x-javascript</pre>
<p>大家可以看看返回的字段，其中有一点很有趣，返回直接不理http请求强制返回deflate(zip)格式, 比较霸道。</p>
<h2>II. IDC分布</h2>
<p>关于网络环境与IDC分布，正在迅速成长的公司可以了解下原文杨建介绍的经验，非常详尽。为什么说迅速成长的公司需要看，因为大的网络公司已经很清楚了，小的公司估计也用不上 <img src='http://timyang.net/blog/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<h2>III. DNS解析经验</h2>
<p>DNS解析有有个缺陷，每个单独域名里写在最前面的那个ip，它被轮询到的概率要比同组的服务器高10%，而且随着同组服务器的增多，这个差距会变大。所以最解析时候，每个IDC最好把硬件性能最好的服务器ip放在最前面。</p>
<h2>IV. 优化网卡, 调整内核参数</h2>
<p>这两段介绍也很有价值，主要是一些参数调优，做大型系统的推荐去看一下<a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_466c66400100bi2n.html" target="_blank">原文</a>。</p>
<h1>三、开发经验</h1>
<h2>I. 关于epoll</h2>
<p>epoll最擅长的事情是监视大量闲散连接，批量返回可用描述符,这让单机支撑百万connections成为可能。<br />
边缘触发ET 和 水平触发LT 的选择：<br />
早期的文档说ET很高效，但是有些冒进。但事实上LT使用过程中，苦恼了将近一个月有余，一不留神CPU 利用率99%了，可能是我没处理好。后来zhongying同学帮忙把驱动模式改成了ET模式，ET既高效又稳定。<br />
简单地说，如果你有数据过来了，不去取LT会一直骚扰你，提醒你去取，而ET就告诉你一次，爱取不取，除非有新数据到来，否则不再提醒。</p>
<p>自己用epoll写C的可以去深入了解下。</p>
<h2>II. 写数据</h2>
<p>顺便再说下写数据，一般一次可以write十几K数据到内核缓冲区。<br />
所以对于很多小的数据文件服务来说，是没有必要另外为每个connections分配发送缓冲区。<br />
只有当一次发送不完时候才分配一块内存，将数据暂存，待下次返回可写时发送。<br />
这样避免了一次内存copy，而且节约了内存。</p>
<h2>III. 如何节约CPU</h2>
<p>HTTP请求预处理 (预压缩，预取lastmodify,mimetype)<br />
预处理,原则就是，能预先知道的结果，我们绝不计算第二次。</p>
<p>预压缩：我们在两三年前就开始使用预压缩技术，以节约CPU，伟大的微软公司在现在的IIS 7中也开始使用了。所谓的预压缩就是，从数据源头提供的就是预先压缩好的数据，IDC同步传输中是压缩状态，直到最后web server输出都是压缩状态，最终被用户浏览器端自动解压。</p>
<h2>IV. 怎样使用内存</h2>
<p>1. 避免内核空间和用户进程空间内存copy (sendfile, splice and tee)<br />
sendfile: 它的威力在于，它为大家提供了一种访问当前不断膨胀的Linux网络堆栈的机制。这种机制叫做“零拷贝(zero-copy)”,这种机制可以把“传输控制协议（TCP）”框架直接的从主机存储器中传送到网卡的缓存块（network card buffers）中去，避免了两次上下文切换。据同事测试说固态硬盘SSD对于小文件的随机读效率很高，对于更新不是很频繁的图片服务，读却很多，每个文件都不是很大的话，sendfile+SSD应该是绝配。</p>
<p>2. 内存复用  (有必要为每个响应分配内存 ?)<br />
对于NBA JS服务来说，我们返回的都是压缩数据，99%都不超过15k，基本一次write就全部出去了，是没有必要为每个响应分配内存的，公用一个buffer就够了。如果真的遇到大数据，我先write一次，剩下的再暂存在内存里，等待下次发送。</p>
<h2>V. 减少磁盘I/O</h2>
<p>共享内存可以考虑用BDB实现，它取数据的速度每秒大概是100w条（2CPU*2Core Xeon(R) E5410 @ 2.33GHz环境测试,单条数据几十字节），如果你想取得更高的性能建议自己写。</p>
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